# Multi-Theme Phase 1: Data Model + Backend API — Implementation Plan

> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.

**Goal:** Create the `themes` table, migrate existing content settings from `settings` to themes, add theme_id to sources and syntheses, create themes CRUD API, and update the pipeline to load content settings from the selected theme.

**Architecture:** New `themes` entity owns per-topic content settings (name, theme, categories, max_items, max_age, summary_length). Sources and syntheses get a `theme_id` FK. The pipeline accepts `theme_id` and loads content from the theme instead of settings. A migration creates a default theme per user from their existing settings.

**Tech Stack:** Rust (Axum, sqlx), PostgreSQL

**Spec:** `docs/superpowers/specs/2026-03-26-multi-theme-design.md` — Phase 1

---

### Task 1: Migration — create themes table + migrate data

**Files:**
- Create: `backend/migrations/20260326000028_create_themes_and_migrate.sql`

This single migration does everything atomically:
1. Create `themes` table
2. Populate default themes from existing `settings` rows
3. Add `theme_id` to `sources` (nullable initially, then backfill)
4. Add `theme_id` to `syntheses` (nullable, no backfill needed — existing syntheses stay NULL)
5. Drop moved columns from `settings`

- [ ] **Step 1: Create the migration**

```sql
-- 1. Create themes table
CREATE TABLE themes (
    id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
    user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    theme TEXT NOT NULL,
    categories JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]',
    max_items_per_category INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 4,
    max_age_days INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 7,
    summary_length INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 3,
    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
);
CREATE INDEX idx_themes_user_id ON themes(user_id);

-- 2. Migrate existing settings to default themes
INSERT INTO themes (user_id, name, theme, categories, max_items_per_category, max_age_days, summary_length)
SELECT user_id, theme, theme, categories, max_items_per_category, max_age_days, summary_length
FROM settings;

-- 3. Add theme_id to sources (nullable)
ALTER TABLE sources ADD COLUMN theme_id UUID REFERENCES themes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;

-- 4. Backfill sources with the user's default theme
UPDATE sources s
SET theme_id = t.id
FROM themes t
WHERE s.user_id = t.user_id;

-- 5. Add theme_id to syntheses (nullable, SET NULL on theme deletion)
ALTER TABLE syntheses ADD COLUMN theme_id UUID REFERENCES themes(id) ON DELETE SET NULL;

-- 6. Backfill syntheses with the user's default theme
UPDATE syntheses sy
SET theme_id = t.id
FROM themes t
WHERE sy.user_id = t.user_id;

-- 7. Drop moved columns from settings
ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN theme;
ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN categories;
ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN max_items_per_category;
ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN max_age_days;
ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN summary_length;
```

- [ ] **Step 2: Update CLAUDE.md**

Change to `## Database (28 migrations)`.

- [ ] **Step 3: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/migrations/20260326000028_create_themes_and_migrate.sql CLAUDE.md
git commit -m "feat: create themes table and migrate content settings from settings"
```

---

### Task 2: Theme model + DB module

**Files:**
- Create: `backend/src/models/theme.rs`
- Create: `backend/src/db/themes.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/models/mod.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/db/mod.rs`

- [ ] **Step 1: Create `models/theme.rs`**

```rust
//! Theme model — per-topic content settings.

use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use uuid::Uuid;

/// A user's theme with content settings.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, sqlx::FromRow)]
pub struct Theme {
    pub id: Uuid,
    pub user_id: Uuid,
    pub name: String,
    pub theme: String,
    pub categories: serde_json::Value,
    pub max_items_per_category: i32,
    pub max_age_days: i32,
    pub summary_length: i32,
    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
}

/// Request body for creating a theme.
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct CreateThemeRequest {
    pub name: String,
    pub theme: String,
    pub categories: Vec<String>,
    pub max_items_per_category: Option<i32>,
    pub max_age_days: Option<i32>,
    pub summary_length: Option<i32>,
}

impl CreateThemeRequest {
    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
        if self.name.trim().is_empty() {
            return Err("Theme name cannot be empty".into());
        }
        if self.name.len() > 200 {
            return Err("Theme name must be at most 200 characters".into());
        }
        if self.theme.trim().is_empty() {
            return Err("Theme search topic cannot be empty".into());
        }
        if self.categories.is_empty() {
            return Err("Categories cannot be empty".into());
        }
        if self.categories.len() > 20 {
            return Err("At most 20 categories are allowed".into());
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// Request body for updating a theme.
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct UpdateThemeRequest {
    pub name: Option<String>,
    pub theme: Option<String>,
    pub categories: Option<Vec<String>>,
    pub max_items_per_category: Option<i32>,
    pub max_age_days: Option<i32>,
    pub summary_length: Option<i32>,
}

/// Response shape for theme API.
#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
pub struct ThemeResponse {
    pub id: Uuid,
    pub name: String,
    pub theme: String,
    pub categories: Vec<String>,
    pub max_items_per_category: i32,
    pub max_age_days: i32,
    pub summary_length: i32,
    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
}

impl TryFrom<Theme> for ThemeResponse {
    type Error = crate::errors::AppError;
    fn try_from(t: Theme) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let categories: Vec<String> = serde_json::from_value(t.categories)
            .unwrap_or_default();
        Ok(Self {
            id: t.id,
            name: t.name,
            theme: t.theme,
            categories,
            max_items_per_category: t.max_items_per_category,
            max_age_days: t.max_age_days,
            summary_length: t.summary_length,
            created_at: t.created_at,
            updated_at: t.updated_at,
        })
    }
}
```

- [ ] **Step 2: Create `db/themes.rs`**

```rust
//! Database queries for the `themes` table.

use sqlx::PgPool;
use uuid::Uuid;

use crate::errors::AppError;
use crate::models::theme::Theme;

pub async fn list_for_user(pool: &PgPool, user_id: Uuid) -> Result<Vec<Theme>, AppError> {
    let themes = sqlx::query_as::<_, Theme>(
        "SELECT * FROM themes WHERE user_id = $1 ORDER BY created_at ASC"
    )
    .bind(user_id)
    .fetch_all(pool)
    .await?;
    Ok(themes)
}

pub async fn get_by_id(pool: &PgPool, user_id: Uuid, id: Uuid) -> Result<Option<Theme>, AppError> {
    let theme = sqlx::query_as::<_, Theme>(
        "SELECT * FROM themes WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2"
    )
    .bind(id)
    .bind(user_id)
    .fetch_optional(pool)
    .await?;
    Ok(theme)
}

pub async fn create(
    pool: &PgPool,
    user_id: Uuid,
    name: &str,
    theme: &str,
    categories: &serde_json::Value,
    max_items_per_category: i32,
    max_age_days: i32,
    summary_length: i32,
) -> Result<Theme, AppError> {
    let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, Theme>(
        r#"
        INSERT INTO themes (user_id, name, theme, categories, max_items_per_category, max_age_days, summary_length)
        VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7)
        RETURNING *
        "#,
    )
    .bind(user_id)
    .bind(name)
    .bind(theme)
    .bind(categories)
    .bind(max_items_per_category)
    .bind(max_age_days)
    .bind(summary_length)
    .fetch_one(pool)
    .await?;
    Ok(row)
}

pub async fn update(
    pool: &PgPool,
    user_id: Uuid,
    id: Uuid,
    name: Option<&str>,
    theme: Option<&str>,
    categories: Option<&serde_json::Value>,
    max_items_per_category: Option<i32>,
    max_age_days: Option<i32>,
    summary_length: Option<i32>,
) -> Result<Option<Theme>, AppError> {
    let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, Theme>(
        r#"
        UPDATE themes SET
            name = COALESCE($3, name),
            theme = COALESCE($4, theme),
            categories = COALESCE($5, categories),
            max_items_per_category = COALESCE($6, max_items_per_category),
            max_age_days = COALESCE($7, max_age_days),
            summary_length = COALESCE($8, summary_length),
            updated_at = now()
        WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2
        RETURNING *
        "#,
    )
    .bind(id)
    .bind(user_id)
    .bind(name)
    .bind(theme)
    .bind(categories)
    .bind(max_items_per_category)
    .bind(max_age_days)
    .bind(summary_length)
    .fetch_optional(pool)
    .await?;
    Ok(row)
}

pub async fn delete(pool: &PgPool, user_id: Uuid, id: Uuid) -> Result<bool, AppError> {
    let result = sqlx::query(
        "DELETE FROM themes WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2"
    )
    .bind(id)
    .bind(user_id)
    .execute(pool)
    .await?;
    Ok(result.rows_affected() > 0)
}
```

- [ ] **Step 3: Register modules**

In `src/models/mod.rs`, add: `pub mod theme;`
In `src/db/mod.rs`, add: `pub mod themes;`

- [ ] **Step 4: Build**

Run: `cd backend && cargo build`

- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/src/models/theme.rs backend/src/db/themes.rs backend/src/models/mod.rs backend/src/db/mod.rs
git commit -m "feat: add Theme model and DB queries"
```

---

### Task 3: Themes CRUD handler + routes

**Files:**
- Create: `backend/src/handlers/themes.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/handlers/mod.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/router.rs`

- [ ] **Step 1: Create `handlers/themes.rs`**

Standard CRUD handler following the patterns in `handlers/sources.rs`:
- `list` — GET /themes → list user's themes
- `create` — POST /themes → create a theme
- `update` — PUT /themes/:id → update a theme
- `delete` — DELETE /themes/:id → delete a theme

Each handler uses `AuthUser` extractor, calls `db::themes::*`, returns JSON. Create converts to `ThemeResponse`, list returns `Vec<ThemeResponse>`.

- [ ] **Step 2: Register handler module**

In `src/handlers/mod.rs`, add: `pub mod themes;`

- [ ] **Step 3: Add routes**

In `src/router.rs`, add theme routes (before source routes):
```rust
.route("/themes", get(handlers::themes::list))
.route("/themes", post(handlers::themes::create))
.route("/themes/{id}", put(handlers::themes::update))
.route("/themes/{id}", delete(handlers::themes::delete))
```

- [ ] **Step 4: Build and test**

Run: `cd backend && cargo build && cargo test --lib`

- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/src/handlers/themes.rs backend/src/handlers/mod.rs backend/src/router.rs
git commit -m "feat: add themes CRUD endpoints"
```

---

### Task 4: Update settings — remove moved fields

**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/models/settings.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/db/settings.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/services/prompts.rs` (test fixture)
- Modify: `backend/tests/api_settings_test.rs`
- Modify: `backend/tests/pipeline_test.rs`
- Modify: `e2e/tests/generation-live.spec.ts`
- Modify: `frontend/src/types.ts`

Remove `theme`, `categories`, `max_items_per_category`, `max_age_days`, `summary_length` from:
- `UserSettings` struct
- `UpdateSettingsRequest` struct
- `Default for UserSettings`
- `SettingsRow`
- Both SQL queries in `db/settings.rs`
- All test fixtures
- Frontend `UserSettings` type and `DEFAULT_SETTINGS`

This is the same mechanical removal pattern we've done many times.

- [ ] **Step 1: Remove from Rust structs + DB queries**
- [ ] **Step 2: Remove from all test fixtures**
- [ ] **Step 3: Remove from frontend types**
- [ ] **Step 4: Build and test**
- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/src/models/settings.rs backend/src/db/settings.rs \
  backend/src/services/prompts.rs backend/tests/ \
  e2e/tests/ frontend/src/types.ts
git commit -m "refactor: remove content settings from settings (moved to themes)"
```

---

### Task 5: Update sources — add theme_id

**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/models/source.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/db/sources.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/handlers/sources.rs`

- [ ] **Step 1: Update Source model**

Add `theme_id: Option<Uuid>` to the `Source` struct.
Add `theme_id: Uuid` to `CreateSourceRequest` (required for new sources).

- [ ] **Step 2: Update DB queries**

In `db/sources.rs`:
- `list_for_user`: add optional `theme_id` filter parameter. When `Some`, add `AND theme_id = $2` to WHERE.
- `create`: add `theme_id` parameter and column.
- `bulk_create`: add `theme_id` parameter.

- [ ] **Step 3: Update handlers**

In `handlers/sources.rs`:
- `list`: read optional `theme_id` from query params, pass to DB.
- `create`: pass `body.theme_id` to DB create.

- [ ] **Step 4: Build and test**
- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/src/models/source.rs backend/src/db/sources.rs backend/src/handlers/sources.rs
git commit -m "feat: add theme_id to sources"
```

---

### Task 6: Update syntheses — add theme_id + theme_name

**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/models/synthesis.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/db/syntheses.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/handlers/syntheses.rs`
- Modify: `frontend/src/types.ts`

- [ ] **Step 1: Update Synthesis model**

Add `theme_id: Option<Uuid>` to the `Synthesis` struct.
Add `theme_name: Option<String>` to `SynthesisListItem` (for display).

Update `TryFrom<Synthesis>` — `theme_name` cannot be extracted from the Synthesis row alone; it needs a JOIN or a separate query. The simplest approach: add `theme_name` as an optional field populated by the list query via a LEFT JOIN.

- [ ] **Step 2: Update DB queries**

In `db/syntheses.rs`:
- `list_for_user`: LEFT JOIN with `themes` to get `theme_name`. Add optional `?sort=theme` support.
- `create`: add `theme_id` parameter.

- [ ] **Step 3: Update frontend types**

Add `theme_name: string | null` and `theme_id: string | null` to `SynthesisListItem`.

- [ ] **Step 4: Build and test**
- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/src/models/synthesis.rs backend/src/db/syntheses.rs \
  backend/src/handlers/syntheses.rs frontend/src/types.ts
git commit -m "feat: add theme_id and theme_name to syntheses"
```

---

### Task 7: Update pipeline — load content from theme

**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/services/synthesis.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/handlers/generation.rs`

This is the core change. The pipeline currently loads content settings from `settings`. It needs to load them from the selected `theme` instead.

- [ ] **Step 1: Update `run_generation` to accept `theme_id`**

Add `theme_id: Uuid` parameter to both `run_generation` and `run_generation_inner`.

- [ ] **Step 2: Load theme in the pipeline**

In `run_generation_inner`, after loading `settings`, load the theme:
```rust
let theme = db::themes::get_by_id(&state.pool, user_id, theme_id).await?
    .ok_or_else(|| AppError::BadRequest("Theme introuvable.".into()))?;
let theme_categories: Vec<String> = serde_json::from_value(theme.categories).unwrap_or_default();
```

Replace all references to moved fields:
- `settings.theme` → `theme.theme`
- `settings.categories` → `theme_categories`
- `settings.max_items_per_category` → `theme.max_items_per_category`
- `settings.max_age_days` → `theme.max_age_days`
- `settings.summary_length` → `theme.summary_length`

Also load sources filtered by `theme_id`:
```rust
let sources = db::sources::list_for_user(&state.pool, user_id, Some(theme_id)).await?;
```

And save synthesis with `theme_id`:
```rust
let synthesis = db::syntheses::create(&state.pool, user_id, &week, &sections_json, job_id, Some(theme_id)).await?;
```

- [ ] **Step 3: Update the handler**

In `handlers/generation.rs`:
- Add `theme_id: Uuid` to the request body (new `GenerateRequest` struct with `theme_id` field)
- Pass `theme_id` to `run_generation`

- [ ] **Step 4: Update mock provider tests**

In `backend/tests/pipeline_test.rs`:
- Create a theme in the test setup before calling `run_generation_inner`
- Pass the theme_id

- [ ] **Step 5: Build and test**

Run: `cd backend && cargo build && cargo test --lib`

- [ ] **Step 6: Commit**

```bash
git add backend/src/services/synthesis.rs backend/src/handlers/generation.rs \
  backend/tests/pipeline_test.rs
git commit -m "feat: pipeline loads content settings from selected theme"
```