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docs: add spec and plan for LLM-assisted scraping

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Two optional LLM enhancements: link extraction from source pages and article
content extraction. Plan needs revision for Arc<dyn LlmProvider> threading
and <head> HTML preservation before implementation.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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oabrivard 3 months ago
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docs/superpowers/plans/2026-03-24-llm-scraping.md
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# LLM-Assisted Scraping — Implementation Plan
> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
**Goal:** Add two optional LLM-powered scraping enhancements: LLM link extraction from source pages and LLM article content extraction — controlled by user settings.
**Architecture:** Two boolean settings control two independent LLM scraping paths. Each has a fallback to existing heuristic-based extraction. `ScrapedContent` gains a `url` field for redirect-resolved URLs. New prompt/schema builders for both LLM calls.
**Tech Stack:** Rust (reqwest, scraper crate, serde_json), existing LLM providers via `generate_rewrite_pass`
**Spec:** `docs/superpowers/specs/2026-03-24-llm-scraping-design.md`
---
### Task 1: Migration + backend model (2 bool settings)
**Files:**
- Create: `backend/migrations/20260324000014_add_llm_scraping_settings.sql`
- Modify: `backend/src/models/settings.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/db/settings.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/services/prompts.rs` (test fixture)
- Modify: `CLAUDE.md`
- [ ] **Step 1: Create migration**
```sql
ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN use_llm_for_source_links BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN use_llm_for_article_extraction BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Add fields to all structs in `models/settings.rs`**
Add `pub use_llm_for_source_links: bool` and `pub use_llm_for_article_extraction: bool` to `UserSettings`, `SettingsResponse`, `UpdateSettingsRequest` (after `source_diversity_window`).
Add to `From<UserSettings> for SettingsResponse`, `Default for UserSettings` (both `false`). No validation needed for bools.
- [ ] **Step 3: Add to DB queries in `db/settings.rs`**
Add both fields to `SettingsRow`, `TryFrom<SettingsRow>`, and both SQL queries (`get_or_create_default` + `upsert`). Follow the pattern of the last column added.
- [ ] **Step 4: Update test fixtures**
Add `use_llm_for_source_links: false, use_llm_for_article_extraction: false` to:
- `valid_request()` in `models/settings.rs` tests
- `test_settings()` in `services/prompts.rs` tests
- [ ] **Step 5: Update CLAUDE.md migration count to 14**
- [ ] **Step 6: Run tests + commit**
Run: `cd backend && cargo test --lib`
```bash
git add backend/migrations/20260324000014_add_llm_scraping_settings.sql backend/src/models/settings.rs backend/src/db/settings.rs backend/src/services/prompts.rs CLAUDE.md
git commit -m "feat: add use_llm_for_source_links and use_llm_for_article_extraction settings"
```
---
### Task 2: Add `url` field to `ScrapedContent` + update `scrape_single_article`
**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/services/scraper.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/services/synthesis.rs`
- [ ] **Step 1: Add `url` to `ScrapedContent` in `scraper.rs`**
Add `pub url: String` to the `ScrapedContent` struct (after `is_soft_404`).
In `scrape_url`, populate it from `final_url`:
```rust
Ok(ScrapedContent {
ok: !is_soft_404,
status,
title,
published_date,
body_text,
is_soft_404,
url: final_url.to_string(),
})
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Update `scrape_single_article` to return `(String, String, String)`**
In `synthesis.rs`, change `scrape_single_article` return type from `(String, String)` to `(String, String, String)` — `(body_text, page_title, final_url)`:
```rust
async fn scrape_single_article(
http_client: &reqwest::Client,
url: &str,
max_age_days: i64,
) -> (String, String, String) {
match scraper::scrape_url(http_client, url).await {
Ok(content) => {
if !content.ok || content.is_soft_404 {
tracing::warn!(url = url, "Soft 404 or error page detected, skipping content");
return (String::new(), String::new(), content.url);
}
if scraper::is_article_too_old(content.published_date, max_age_days) {
tracing::warn!(url = url, "Article too old, skipping content");
return (String::new(), String::new(), content.url);
}
let title = content.title.unwrap_or_default();
(content.body_text, title, content.url)
}
Err(e) => {
tracing::warn!(url = url, error = %e, "Failed to scrape URL, keeping article with empty content");
(String::new(), String::new(), url.to_string())
}
}
}
```
- [ ] **Step 3: Update callers of `scrape_single_article`**
In `scrape_articles` and `scrape_flat_urls`, update destructuring from `(scraped_content, page_title)` to `(scraped_content, page_title, final_url)`. Use `final_url` to set `ScrapedNewsItem.url` instead of the input URL:
In `scrape_articles` (inside the `join_set.spawn`):
```rust
let scraped = scrape_single_article(&client, &url, mad).await;
(cat_key, item, scraped)
```
And in the result handler:
```rust
if let Ok((cat_key, item, (scraped_content, page_title, final_url))) = join_result {
let scraped_item = ScrapedNewsItem {
title: item.title,
url: final_url, // Use redirect-resolved URL instead of item.url
summary: item.summary,
original_title: page_title,
scraped_content,
};
```
Same pattern in `scrape_flat_urls`:
```rust
if let Ok((url, scraped_content, page_title, final_url)) = join_result {
results.push(ScrapedNewsItem {
title: page_title.clone(),
url: final_url, // Use redirect-resolved URL
summary: String::new(),
original_title: page_title,
scraped_content,
});
```
Note: the `join_set.spawn` closure must also capture and return `final_url`. Update the spawn to return 4-tuple: `(url, scraped_content, page_title, final_url)`.
- [ ] **Step 4: Run tests + commit**
Run: `cd backend && cargo test --lib`
```bash
git add backend/src/services/scraper.rs backend/src/services/synthesis.rs
git commit -m "feat: add url field to ScrapedContent, use redirect-resolved URLs"
```
---
### Task 3: LLM prompts and schemas for both extraction types
**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/services/prompts.rs`
- Modify: `backend/src/services/llm/schema.rs`
- [ ] **Step 1: Add `build_link_extraction_prompt` to `prompts.rs`**
```rust
/// Build a prompt for LLM-assisted link extraction from a source page.
///
/// # Arguments
/// * `head_html` — the <head> section of the page
/// * `body_html` — first 8000 chars of the <body> section
pub fn build_link_extraction_prompt(head_html: &str, body_html: &str) -> (String, String) {
let system_prompt =
"Tu es un assistant qui analyse des pages web. \
Tu dois identifier les liens vers des articles d'actualite. \
Reponds uniquement au format JSON demande."
.to_string();
let user_prompt = format!(
"Voici le contenu HTML d'une page de blog ou de site d'actualites.\n\n\
<head>\n{head}\n</head>\n\n\
<body (extrait)>\n{body}\n</body>\n\n\
Extrais UNIQUEMENT les URLs qui pointent vers des articles \
(pas les liens de navigation, tags, categories, login, pages statiques, etc.).\n\
Retourne les URLs completes dans le format JSON demande.",
head = head_html,
body = body_html,
);
(system_prompt, user_prompt)
}
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Add `build_article_extraction_prompt` to `prompts.rs`**
```rust
/// Build a prompt for LLM-assisted article content extraction.
///
/// # Arguments
/// * `head_html` — the <head> section (contains meta tags, og:*, canonical)
/// * `body_text` — cleaned body text from existing HTML stripping
pub fn build_article_extraction_prompt(head_html: &str, body_text: &str) -> (String, String) {
let system_prompt =
"Tu es un assistant qui analyse des articles web. \
Tu dois extraire les informations structurees de l'article. \
Reponds uniquement au format JSON demande."
.to_string();
let user_prompt = format!(
"Voici le contenu d'une page web.\n\n\
<head>\n{head}\n</head>\n\n\
Contenu textuel de la page :\n{body}\n\n\
Extrais les informations suivantes :\n\
- title : le titre de l'article\n\
- published_date : la date de publication au format ISO 8601 (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ), \
ou une chaine vide si introuvable\n\
- body_text : le contenu principal de l'article (pas la navigation, pas les pubs)\n\
- is_error_page : true si c'est une page d'erreur/404, false sinon",
head = head_html,
body = body_text,
);
(system_prompt, user_prompt)
}
```
- [ ] **Step 3: Add schemas to `schema.rs`**
```rust
/// Build a JSON Schema for LLM link extraction response.
pub fn build_link_extraction_schema() -> Value {
serde_json::json!({
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"urls": {
"type": "array",
"items": { "type": "string" }
}
},
"required": ["urls"],
"additionalProperties": false
})
}
/// Build a JSON Schema for LLM article content extraction response.
pub fn build_article_extraction_schema() -> Value {
serde_json::json!({
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"title": { "type": "string", "description": "Article title" },
"published_date": { "type": "string", "description": "ISO 8601 date or empty string if not found" },
"body_text": { "type": "string", "description": "Main article content" },
"is_error_page": { "type": "boolean", "description": "True if this is an error/404 page" }
},
"required": ["title", "published_date", "body_text", "is_error_page"],
"additionalProperties": false
})
}
```
- [ ] **Step 4: Add tests**
In `prompts.rs` tests:
```rust
#[test]
fn link_extraction_prompt_includes_html() {
let (_, user) = build_link_extraction_prompt("<title>Blog</title>", "<a href='/post'>P</a>");
assert!(user.contains("<title>Blog</title>"));
assert!(user.contains("articles"));
}
#[test]
fn article_extraction_prompt_includes_content() {
let (_, user) = build_article_extraction_prompt("<meta name='date' content='2026'>", "Article body text here");
assert!(user.contains("Article body text here"));
assert!(user.contains("published_date"));
}
```
In `schema.rs` tests:
```rust
#[test]
fn link_extraction_schema_has_urls_array() {
let schema = build_link_extraction_schema();
assert_eq!(schema["properties"]["urls"]["type"], "array");
assert_eq!(schema["additionalProperties"], false);
}
#[test]
fn article_extraction_schema_has_all_fields() {
let schema = build_article_extraction_schema();
let props = schema["properties"].as_object().unwrap();
assert!(props.contains_key("title"));
assert!(props.contains_key("published_date"));
assert!(props.contains_key("body_text"));
assert!(props.contains_key("is_error_page"));
assert_eq!(schema["additionalProperties"], false);
}
```
- [ ] **Step 5: Run tests + commit**
Run: `cd backend && cargo test --lib`
```bash
git add backend/src/services/prompts.rs backend/src/services/llm/schema.rs
git commit -m "feat: add LLM prompts and schemas for link and article extraction"
```
---
### Task 4: LLM-assisted source link extraction in `source_scraper.rs`
**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/services/source_scraper.rs`
- [ ] **Step 1: Update `extract_article_links` to accept optional LLM provider**
Add a new public function `extract_article_links_with_llm` that accepts LLM parameters. The existing `extract_article_links` stays unchanged for non-LLM path.
```rust
use crate::services::llm::LlmProvider;
use crate::services::llm::schema::build_link_extraction_schema;
use crate::services::prompts::build_link_extraction_prompt;
/// Extract article links using LLM analysis of the page HTML.
///
/// Falls back to heuristic extraction if the LLM call fails or returns empty results.
pub async fn extract_article_links_with_llm(
http_client: &reqwest::Client,
source_url: &str,
max_links: usize,
provider: &dyn LlmProvider,
model: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<String>, AppError> {
let base_url = Url::parse(source_url)
.map_err(|e| AppError::BadRequest(format!("Invalid source URL: {}", e)))?;
let base_domain = base_url.host_str().unwrap_or("").to_lowercase();
// Fetch the page
let response = http_client.get(source_url).send().await.map_err(|e| {
tracing::warn!(url = source_url, error = %e, "Failed to fetch source page");
AppError::Internal(anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to fetch source page"))
})?;
if !response.status().is_success() {
tracing::warn!(url = source_url, status = %response.status(), "Source page returned non-200");
return Ok(Vec::new());
}
let html_text = response.text().await.map_err(|e| {
AppError::Internal(anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to read source page body: {}", e))
})?;
// Extract <head> and first 8000 chars of <body> for the LLM
let (head_html, body_html) = extract_head_and_body(&html_text);
let (system, user) = build_link_extraction_prompt(&head_html, &body_html);
let schema = build_link_extraction_schema();
match provider.generate_rewrite_pass(model, &system, &user, &schema).await {
Ok(response) => {
let urls = response
.get("urls")
.and_then(|u| u.as_array())
.map(|arr| {
arr.iter()
.filter_map(|v| v.as_str())
.filter_map(|href| {
// Resolve relative URLs
let resolved = base_url.join(href).ok()?;
// Filter: http/https only, same domain
if resolved.scheme() != "http" && resolved.scheme() != "https" {
return None;
}
let domain = resolved.host_str()?.to_lowercase();
if domain != base_domain {
return None;
}
Some(resolved.to_string())
})
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
})
.unwrap_or_default();
if urls.is_empty() {
tracing::warn!(url = source_url, "LLM returned no links, falling back to heuristic extraction");
let fallback = extract_links_from_html(&html_text, &base_url, &base_domain);
Ok(fallback.into_iter().take(max_links).collect())
} else {
// Deduplicate
let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
let deduped: Vec<String> = urls.into_iter().filter(|u| seen.insert(u.clone())).collect();
Ok(deduped.into_iter().take(max_links).collect())
}
}
Err(e) => {
tracing::warn!(url = source_url, error = %e, "LLM link extraction failed, falling back to heuristic");
let fallback = extract_links_from_html(&html_text, &base_url, &base_domain);
Ok(fallback.into_iter().take(max_links).collect())
}
}
}
/// Extract the <head> section and first N chars of <body> from HTML.
fn extract_head_and_body(html: &str) -> (String, String) {
let head_start = html.find("<head").unwrap_or(0);
let head_end = html.find("</head>").map(|i| i + 7).unwrap_or(head_start);
let head = &html[head_start..head_end];
let body_start = html.find("<body").unwrap_or(head_end);
let body_end = (body_start + 8000).min(html.len());
let body = &html[body_start..body_end];
(head.to_string(), body.to_string())
}
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Add tests**
```rust
#[test]
fn extract_head_and_body_splits_correctly() {
let html = "<html><head><title>T</title></head><body><p>Content</p></body></html>";
let (head, body) = extract_head_and_body(html);
assert!(head.contains("<title>T</title>"));
assert!(body.contains("<p>Content</p>"));
}
#[test]
fn extract_head_and_body_truncates_body() {
let long_body = "x".repeat(20000);
let html = format!("<head></head><body>{}</body>", long_body);
let (_, body) = extract_head_and_body(&html);
assert!(body.len() <= 8006); // <body> tag + 8000 chars
}
```
- [ ] **Step 3: Run tests + commit**
Run: `cd backend && cargo test --lib`
```bash
git add backend/src/services/source_scraper.rs
git commit -m "feat: LLM-assisted source link extraction with heuristic fallback"
```
---
### Task 5: LLM-assisted article extraction in synthesis pipeline
**Files:**
- Modify: `backend/src/services/synthesis.rs`
- [ ] **Step 1: Add `scrape_single_article_with_llm` function**
Add a new async function alongside `scrape_single_article`:
```rust
/// Scrape an article URL using LLM for content extraction.
///
/// Falls back to heuristic extraction if the LLM call fails.
async fn scrape_single_article_with_llm(
http_client: &reqwest::Client,
url: &str,
max_age_days: i64,
provider: &dyn crate::services::llm::LlmProvider,
model: &str,
) -> (String, String, String) {
// First, do the HTTP fetch (same as regular scraping)
let fetch_result = scraper::scrape_url(http_client, url).await;
let content = match fetch_result {
Ok(c) => c,
Err(e) => {
tracing::warn!(url = url, error = %e, "Failed to fetch URL for LLM extraction");
return (String::new(), String::new(), url.to_string());
}
};
let final_url = content.url.clone();
if !content.ok || content.is_soft_404 {
return (String::new(), String::new(), final_url);
}
// Extract <head> from the raw HTML for the LLM
// We need to re-fetch the raw HTML or extract it from the scraper
// Since scraper already parsed it, we'll use the existing body_text + title as input
let head_html = String::new(); // The scraper doesn't preserve <head> — use empty
let body_text = &content.body_text;
let (system, user) = crate::services::prompts::build_article_extraction_prompt(
&head_html,
body_text,
);
let schema = crate::services::llm::schema::build_article_extraction_schema();
match provider.generate_rewrite_pass(model, &system, &user, &schema).await {
Ok(response) => {
let title = response.get("title").and_then(|t| t.as_str()).unwrap_or("").to_string();
let extracted_body = response.get("body_text").and_then(|b| b.as_str()).unwrap_or("").to_string();
let is_error = response.get("is_error_page").and_then(|e| e.as_bool()).unwrap_or(false);
let date_str = response.get("published_date").and_then(|d| d.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
if is_error || extracted_body.trim().is_empty() {
return (String::new(), String::new(), final_url);
}
// Check date if provided
if !date_str.is_empty() {
if let Ok(date) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(date_str) {
if scraper::is_article_too_old(Some(date.with_timezone(&chrono::Utc)), max_age_days) {
tracing::warn!(url = url, "LLM-extracted article too old");
return (String::new(), String::new(), final_url);
}
}
}
(extracted_body, title, final_url)
}
Err(e) => {
tracing::warn!(url = url, error = %e, "LLM article extraction failed, using heuristic fallback");
// Fall back to existing heuristic data
if scraper::is_article_too_old(content.published_date, max_age_days) {
return (String::new(), String::new(), final_url);
}
let title = content.title.unwrap_or_default();
(content.body_text, title, final_url)
}
}
}
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Update pipeline to use LLM extraction when enabled**
In `run_generation_inner`, the scraping calls need to branch based on `settings.use_llm_for_article_extraction`. The simplest approach: update `scrape_flat_urls` and `scrape_articles` to accept an optional provider+model, and use `scrape_single_article_with_llm` when provided.
Add a wrapper that the pipeline calls:
```rust
/// Scrape a single article, optionally using LLM extraction.
async fn scrape_article_dispatch(
http_client: &reqwest::Client,
url: &str,
max_age_days: i64,
llm: Option<(&dyn crate::services::llm::LlmProvider, &str)>,
) -> (String, String, String) {
match llm {
Some((provider, model)) => {
scrape_single_article_with_llm(http_client, url, max_age_days, provider, model).await
}
None => scrape_single_article(http_client, url, max_age_days).await,
}
}
```
Update `scrape_flat_urls` and `scrape_articles` to use `scrape_article_dispatch`. The provider and model are passed from `run_generation_inner` based on `settings.use_llm_for_article_extraction`.
Similarly, update the Phase 1 source scraping in `run_generation_inner` to call `extract_article_links_with_llm` vs `extract_article_links` based on `settings.use_llm_for_source_links`.
- [ ] **Step 3: Run tests + commit**
Run: `cd backend && cargo test --lib`
```bash
git add backend/src/services/synthesis.rs
git commit -m "feat: LLM-assisted article extraction with heuristic fallback"
```
---
### Task 6: Frontend settings
**Files:**
- Modify: `frontend/src/types.ts`
- Modify: `frontend/src/i18n/fr.ts`
- Modify: `frontend/src/pages/Settings.tsx`
- [ ] **Step 1: Add fields to types**
In `frontend/src/types.ts`, add to `UserSettings`:
```typescript
use_llm_for_source_links: boolean;
use_llm_for_article_extraction: boolean;
```
Add to `DEFAULT_SETTINGS`:
```typescript
use_llm_for_source_links: false,
use_llm_for_article_extraction: false,
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Add i18n labels**
In `frontend/src/i18n/fr.ts`:
```typescript
'settings.advancedExtraction': 'Extraction avancee',
'settings.useLlmForSourceLinks': "Utiliser l'IA pour extraire les liens",
'settings.useLlmForArticleExtraction': "Utiliser l'IA pour extraire le contenu",
```
- [ ] **Step 3: Add checkboxes to Settings page**
In `frontend/src/pages/Settings.tsx`, add a new section after the existing generation settings (after the grid with maxAgeDays/maxItemsPerCategory/maxArticlesPerSource/diversityWindow):
```tsx
{/* Advanced extraction */}
<div class="mt-6">
<h3 class="text-lg font-medium text-gray-900 mb-4">
{t('settings.advancedExtraction')}
</h3>
<div class="space-y-4">
<div class="flex items-center">
<input
type="checkbox"
id="useLlmSourceLinks"
checked={settings().use_llm_for_source_links}
onChange={(e) =>
setSettings((prev) => ({
...prev,
use_llm_for_source_links: e.currentTarget.checked,
}))
}
class="h-4 w-4 text-indigo-600 focus:ring-indigo-500 border-gray-300 rounded"
/>
<label for="useLlmSourceLinks" class="ml-2 block text-sm text-gray-700">
{t('settings.useLlmForSourceLinks')}
</label>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<input
type="checkbox"
id="useLlmArticleExtraction"
checked={settings().use_llm_for_article_extraction}
onChange={(e) =>
setSettings((prev) => ({
...prev,
use_llm_for_article_extraction: e.currentTarget.checked,
}))
}
class="h-4 w-4 text-indigo-600 focus:ring-indigo-500 border-gray-300 rounded"
/>
<label for="useLlmArticleExtraction" class="ml-2 block text-sm text-gray-700">
{t('settings.useLlmForArticleExtraction')}
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
```
- [ ] **Step 4: Run frontend tests + commit**
Run: `cd frontend && npx tsc --noEmit && npx vitest run`
```bash
git add frontend/src/types.ts frontend/src/i18n/fr.ts frontend/src/pages/Settings.tsx
git commit -m "feat: add LLM scraping toggles to Settings page"
```
---
### Task 7: Update E2E test with comprehensive synthesis validation
**Files:**
- Modify: `e2e/tests/generation-live.spec.ts`
- [ ] **Step 1: Update settings payload**
Add the new boolean fields to the PUT settings call:
```typescript
use_llm_for_source_links: false,
use_llm_for_article_extraction: false,
```
- [ ] **Step 2: Add comprehensive validation after synthesis fetch**
After the existing structure validation, add:
```typescript
// Comprehensive synthesis validation
const allUrls: string[] = [];
const domainCounts: Record<string, number> = {};
for (const section of synthesis.sections) {
for (const item of section.items) {
// Collect URLs for duplicate check
allUrls.push(item.url);
// Count domains for source diversity check
try {
const domain = new URL(item.url).hostname;
domainCounts[domain] = (domainCounts[domain] || 0) + 1;
} catch {}
}
// Category article count check
if (section.title !== 'Autre') {
expect(section.items.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(4); // max_items_per_category
}
}
// No duplicate URLs across all sections
const uniqueUrls = new Set(allUrls);
expect(uniqueUrls.size).toBe(allUrls.length);
// No domain exceeds max_articles_per_source (3)
for (const [domain, count] of Object.entries(domainCounts)) {
expect(count).toBeLessThanOrEqual(3);
}
// Verify article links actually work (HTTP 200)
// Test a sample of up to 3 URLs to avoid slowness
const sampleUrls = allUrls.slice(0, 3);
for (const articleUrl of sampleUrls) {
const linkCheck = await page.evaluate(async (url: string) => {
try {
const resp = await fetch(url, { method: 'HEAD', redirect: 'follow' });
return resp.status;
} catch {
return 0;
}
}, articleUrl);
expect(linkCheck).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(200);
expect(linkCheck).toBeLessThan(400);
}
```
- [ ] **Step 3: Run E2E test**
```bash
cd e2e && docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build -d
sleep 25 && npx tsx seed.ts && npx playwright test generation-live --reporter=list
```
- [ ] **Step 4: Commit**
```bash
git add e2e/tests/generation-live.spec.ts
git commit -m "test: comprehensive E2E synthesis validation (duplicates, links, counts)"
```

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# Design: LLM-Assisted Scraping — Link Extraction & Article Content Extraction
**Date**: 2026-03-24
**Scope**: Two optional LLM-powered enhancements to the scraping pipeline, controlled by user settings
---
## Context
The current scraping pipeline uses HTML parsing heuristics to extract article links from source pages and article content from individual pages. These heuristics fail on JavaScript-rendered pages, unusual HTML structures, and complex layouts. Two optional LLM-powered alternatives improve extraction quality when enabled.
## New User Settings
Two independent boolean toggles:
- `use_llm_for_source_links: bool` (default `false`) — "Utiliser l'IA pour extraire les liens"
- `use_llm_for_article_extraction: bool` (default `false`) — "Utiliser l'IA pour extraire le contenu"
Fully independent — user can enable either, both, or neither.
**Migration:** `ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN use_llm_for_source_links BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false; ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN use_llm_for_article_extraction BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false;`
**Frontend:** Two checkboxes in Settings page under a new "Extraction avancee" section.
## ScrapedContent URL Field
Add `pub url: String` to the `ScrapedContent` struct. Populated with the final URL after redirects (from `response.url().to_string()`).
**Pipeline impact:** `scrape_single_article` returns `(String, String, String)` — `(body_text, page_title, final_url)` instead of `(String, String)`. The caller (`scrape_flat_urls`, `scrape_articles`) uses `final_url` to set `ScrapedNewsItem.url`, replacing the original input URL with the validated redirect-resolved URL. This URL becomes the canonical article URL used throughout — replacing the LLM-provided URL in the synthesis via `restore_scraped_urls`.
## Option 1: LLM-Assisted Source Link Extraction
When `use_llm_for_source_links` is enabled:
1. Fetch the source page HTML (same as today)
2. Extract `<head>` + first 8000 chars of `<body>` for the LLM
3. **LLM prompt:** "Here is the HTML of a blog/news page. Extract only the URLs that point to actual articles (not navigation, tags, categories, login pages, etc.). Return a JSON array of URLs."
4. **LLM schema:** `{ "type": "object", "properties": { "urls": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" } } }, "required": ["urls"], "additionalProperties": false }`
5. Parse the LLM response:
- Resolve relative URLs against the source URL
- Filter: only keep http/https URLs, skip malformed URLs (use `Url::parse`)
- Filter: same domain only (match existing heuristic behavior)
- Deduplicate, limit to `max_links`
6. **Fallback:** if the LLM call fails OR returns an empty array (`{"urls": []}`), fall back to the existing `extract_links_from_html`. Log a warning.
When disabled, the existing HTML parsing + heuristic filtering is used (unchanged).
**LLM dispatch:** Uses `model_research` via `provider.generate_rewrite_pass`.
## Option 2: LLM-Assisted Article Content Extraction
When `use_llm_for_article_extraction` is enabled:
1. Fetch the article page (same as today — HTTP request, SSRF check, body size limit, streaming)
2. Capture the final URL after redirects (for `ScrapedContent.url`)
3. Extract `<head>` section and clean body text using existing HTML stripping
4. Send both to the LLM with a structured extraction prompt
5. **LLM prompt:** "Extract the following from this article: title, publication date (ISO 8601 format, or empty string if not found), body text (main article content only, no navigation or ads), and whether this is a real article or an error/404 page."
6. **LLM schema:** (OpenAI strict mode compatible — no union types, `published_date` uses empty string instead of null)
```json
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"title": { "type": "string", "description": "Article title" },
"published_date": { "type": "string", "description": "ISO 8601 date or empty string if not found" },
"body_text": { "type": "string", "description": "Main article content" },
"is_error_page": { "type": "boolean", "description": "True if this is an error/404 page" }
},
"required": ["title", "published_date", "body_text", "is_error_page"],
"additionalProperties": false
}
```
7. Parse the LLM response into `ScrapedContent` fields:
- `title` → `ScrapedContent.title` (wrapped in `Some`)
- `published_date` → if non-empty, parse ISO 8601 → `ScrapedContent.published_date`; if empty string → `None`
- `body_text` → `ScrapedContent.body_text`
- `is_error_page` → `ScrapedContent.is_soft_404`
- `url` → from `response.url()` (not from LLM)
- `ok` → `true` if `!is_error_page` and `body_text` is non-empty
- `status` → from HTTP response status
8. **Fallback:** if the LLM call fails (network error, JSON parse failure, schema validation error, timeout), fall back to the existing HTML parsing. Log a warning.
When disabled, the existing scraper logic is used (unchanged), with the new `url` field populated from `response.url()`.
**Cost:** ~$0.001 per article with gpt-4o-mini. For 16 articles, ~$0.016 total.
**Concurrency:** LLM extraction calls run with bounded concurrency (max 5) to avoid hitting provider rate limits.
**Progress reporting:** During per-article LLM extraction, emit progress updates: "Extraction IA des articles (N/M)..."
## Files to Modify
- **Create:** migration `20260324000014_add_llm_scraping_settings.sql`
- **Modify:** `backend/src/models/settings.rs` — add 2 bool fields to `UserSettings`, `SettingsResponse`, `UpdateSettingsRequest`, `Default`, validation (none needed for bools)
- **Modify:** `backend/src/db/settings.rs` — add to `SettingsRow`, `TryFrom`, both SQL queries
- **Modify:** `backend/src/services/scraper.rs` — add `url: String` to `ScrapedContent`, populate from `response.url()`
- **Modify:** `backend/src/services/source_scraper.rs` — add LLM-assisted link extraction path, accept provider + model + schema params
- **Modify:** `backend/src/services/synthesis.rs` — pass settings + provider to scraper functions, update `scrape_single_article` to return `ScrapedContent` and accept optional LLM provider, add LLM extraction path
- **Modify:** `backend/src/services/prompts.rs` — add `build_link_extraction_prompt` and `build_article_extraction_prompt`
- **Modify:** `backend/src/services/llm/schema.rs` — add `build_link_extraction_schema` and `build_article_extraction_schema`
- **Modify:** `frontend/src/types.ts` — add 2 bool fields to `UserSettings` + `DEFAULT_SETTINGS`
- **Modify:** `frontend/src/i18n/fr.ts` — add labels
- **Modify:** `frontend/src/pages/Settings.tsx` — add 2 checkboxes in "Extraction avancee" section
- **Modify:** `CLAUDE.md` — update migration count
- **Modify:** `frontend/src/__tests__/fixtures.ts` — add 2 bool fields to MOCK_SETTINGS if manually constructed
- **Modify:** `backend/tests/api_syntheses_test.rs` — update integration test for new settings fields
- **Modify:** `e2e/tests/generation-live.spec.ts` — update settings payload, add comprehensive synthesis validation
- **Add:** unit tests in `source_scraper.rs` — LLM link extraction, fallback
- **Add:** unit tests in `synthesis.rs` — LLM article extraction, fallback
- **Add:** unit tests in `prompts.rs` — link extraction and article extraction prompts
## E2E Synthesis Validation
The E2E test generates a synthesis and validates:
- No duplicate URLs across all sections
- All article URLs return HTTP 200 (fetch each to verify links work)
- Each user-defined category has ≤ `max_items_per_category` articles
- Each source domain appears ≤ `max_articles_per_source` times globally
- No empty titles or summaries
- No Wikipedia/hallucinated URLs
- "Autre" section (if present) respects max limit
- Every summary is non-trivial (> 50 chars)
## What Does NOT Change
- LLM providers — reused as-is (classification uses `generate_rewrite_pass`)
- Database schema for syntheses — no changes
- Frontend synthesis display — no changes
- Rewrite pass — operates on `ScrapedContent` data regardless of extraction method
- `limit_articles_per_source`, `dedup_by_url`, `filter_homepage_urls` — unchanged
- Classification pipeline (Phase 1/Phase 2) — unchanged, just receives better data
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